Otterbein University Admissions ACT, Acceptance Rate

Meret Oppenheim A Woman Before Her Time - 1695 Words

Meret Oppenheim: A woman before her time? Imagine being in a museum on a casual day, the next exhibition happens to be just a normal saucer, spoon and dish covered in fur. What emotions would this arouse? Meret Oppenheim was born in 1913, leaving us in 1985 in accordance with Mansen. She was a very interesting artist of this time who expressed herself and ideas through the Surrealism Movement in more ways than one. Oppenheim used many materials in her pieces that were unique, touchable items. The artist then took these material items and used then to convey ideas to her audience and to get them to think beyond just what they saw. Finally, Oppenheim proved to society how women were mistreated during this time period in the art world and she shows these through her work. Meret Oppenheim is not afraid to show her audience disturbing images and make them experience disturbing thoughts. In these ways, Oppenheim fits well into the Surrealism Movement. Surrealism is taking an idea from one’s unconscious thought and expressi ng in a way, in this circumstance, the arts. Meret Oppenheim was a crucial member of the Surrealism Movement of the 1920’s and in design today because of her unconscious way of thinking, her use of material items in her artwork, and her acknowledgement of the woman’s role during the time. Meret Oppenheim worked with a number of touchy-feely, everyday items in her artwork that connected her with the Surrealism Movement. She uses these material items to conveyShow MoreRelatedJudy Chicago Dinner Party Essay6539 Words   |  27 Pages26 JUDY CHICAGOS DINNER PARTY A Personal Vision of Womens History JOSEPHINE WITHERS In the fifteenth century, Christine de Pisan dreamt of building an ideal city for eminent and virtuous women, and with the help of her three muses, the sisters Reason, Rectitude, and Justice, she reflected on the many women in history and mythology who might live together in this Cità © des Dames. Almost exactly four centuries later, the American sculptor and feminist Harriet Hosmer envisioned a beautiful temple

Road Risk to Motor Bikes

Question: Write an essay on Road risk to motor bikes and cyclist in London? Answer: Introduction: The number of road accidents is going increase day by day. The proportion for the motor bikes and cyclist in the road accidents is more than other vehicles. During the last decade, more than three million road casualties are found in the Great Britain. It was observed that more than 36000 people died in the road accident and about 373985 people were seriously injured in the road accidents. It was also observed that the figures regarding the death and injury from the police record do not reveal the actual figures. The real situation is different from the records. There are no records for so many accidents. For each year, the government official record for the total number of people killed and injured in the road collisions is given as 730000. The price paid by the persons in the road accidents and their families is inestimable. There is a high road risk to motor bikes and cyclist in London. The number of vehicles in the London is high. It was observed that the number of the motor bike s and cyclist in the London city is high as compared to the other vehicles. It was estimated that the annual cost to the economy for the road accidents is observed about 15 to 32 billion euro. Riding on the motorbike is dangerous in the London city. It was found that about 7000 bikers and their pillions were dead in the last decade 1999 to 2010. In the road safety study, it was revealed that the only 1% of the road traffic is occupied by the bikers but the casualty rate is 61 times greater than that of cars. It was also found that the proportion of the road accidents is higher at the weekend than the other days of the week. It was revealed that the cyclists have higher casualty rate than other pedestrians. It was found that 1575 cyclists were died on the roads during the year 1999 to 2010. It was observed that the more accidents occurred in the morning and evening rush hours. On the Saturday and Sunday there are more road accidents than the other days. Research Questions: For any study, the research questions are important to getting the proper direction for the research study. For the study of road risk to motor bikes and cyclist in London, some of the research questions should be established. For this research proposal, we have to find the answers for the following research questions: What is the average number of death for a single month in the roads of London? What are alternatives for avoiding the road accidents? For which type of vehicle, there are a more accidents? Is there any trend line exist in the road accidents by time line or day? If there are any other research questions necessary regarding to the study of road risk to motor bikes and cyclist, then it is necessary to include these research questions in the research study. For finding the answers for the research questions, it is necessary to use the proper research methodology. The proper research methodology is explained in the next topic. Research Methodology: In this part, the proper methodology for the analysis of the road risk to motor bikes is explained in detail. If the research methodology is not proper, then results would not be unbiased and useful for the analysis purpose. So use of proper methodology plays an important role in the research study. It should be kept in mind that the proper attention on the appropriate steps and proper methodology should be applied when research is carried out. The first step in the research methodology is the collection of the data for the variables consists in the research study. Data for the corresponding variables under study is very important for the analysis purpose. Keep proper attention while data is collected is very important to obtain a balanced sample from the desired population. After the data collection, the average values should be obtained for the variables under study for this research study. Here, we can obtain the descriptive statistics for the daily accidents, monthly accidents fo r the bikers, cars and other vehicles. After the descriptive statistics, we can find the relationship between the different days and number of accidents. While data collection, the data should be collected according to the month, day and time of the accident. It would be helpful for finding the trends according to different timing slots. The proper graphs should be explained the pictorial information about the total number of accidents according to the different months and different time slots. The time series analysis is useful for the analysis of the road accidents and it will give proper direction for less down the accident proportion. For checking the claims regarding the road accidents, we can use different statistical tests of hypothesis and we can conclude about the real situation. We can also find the correlation coefficient and regression line for the relationship between the different variables included in the study. It should be important to keep the data in a suitable tabular format or any other appropriate format. If the format of the data is not suitable, then it is difficult to arrange the facts while the data analysis is conducting for the conclusion purpose. Also, proper methods should be used during the statistical analysis. There are so many statistical methods available for the analysis of the same questions and selection of the proper method is necessary to find the answers to corresponding problem. All methods should be applied clearly and there should not be any confusion while conducting the research. The facts related to the road risk to motor bikes and cyclist should be analysing properly. All simple facts related to the road accidents in the roads of the London city should be included in a proper way. Also, summary statistics for the road accidents for the motorbikes and the cyclists should be included in the analysis for the easy view of the project research. Some simple graphs related to the road accidents in the London city should be included in the research study so that any common man should analyse the findings in an easy way. Data collection: The first step in any research analysis is nothing but the data collection. For this research proposal, the data should be collected from the government offices or police stations. Data for the road accidents is also available on the different government websites. The proper sample size should be decided for the research study. Sample data should consist of all areas of London. To getting representative to all areas, the proper sampling method should be employ for the selection of sample. If all areas of the London is not included in the sample, then the overall results for this research study would not be correct or approximately correct for the entire London city. So data collection with proper care is very important and data should be handled by the experts. While collecting of data, many things should be kept in mind. It is important to collect the data in an appropriate way. Sometimes there are so much data available collectively for the all types of accidents. Data extraction for the road accidents of the motor bikes and cyclists in the London city is necessary for taking the random sample for the required categories. All necessary data regarding the road risks should be collected according to the time factor and any other important factor. Data Analysis: In this part, the actual data analysis process is explained for the road accidents in the London city. In this data analysis for the road risk to motor bikes and cyclists in the London city, we have to find the descriptive statistics for the total number of the road accidents according to the different months. We have to categorize the data according to the road accidents due to the different types of vehicles. We have to use different types of graphs for better explanation of the situation. For explaining the real situation about the road accidents in the London, we have to use the box plots, histograms, bar diagrams etc. we have to find the correlation coefficient for the different variables included in the study. We have to draw the time series plot for the study of the variation in the trend according to the different time slots. We have to find the reasons for accidents within some specific time slot, why the accident proportion is high. We have to use the test of hypothesis for checking the claims regarding the total number of accidents in the roads of London city. The graphs for the facts regarding the road risk to motorbikes and cyclist should be included in the research so that any layman will analyse the fact in a simple way. The overall summary table should be included in the research of the road risk to motorbikes and cyclist. Conclusions: After the study of this research proposal, we should get the results for the following points: We should find the average number of total accidents in each day, each month and each year. The average number should be finding according to the different types of the vehicles. The relationship should be found between the two related variables by using the different statistical methods. If exists, the relationship should be explains in terms of correlation coefficient and extent of association between the two variables should be explained for this study. The results for the claims regarding to the variables under study should be included in the conclusions for this study. The overall summary for the important findings should be included in the conclusions part. It is also to suggest some recommendations for taking the proper action by the government. The analysis should be useful for the management of traffic in the roads of the London city. Proper recommendations would be useful for managing the traffic and related issues. References: Government websites, Great Britain. David Freedman, Robert Pisani, Roger Purves, Statistics, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton Company, 1997. Morris H. DeGroot, Mark J. Schervish Probability and Statistics, 3rd ed., Addison Wesley, 2001. Leonard J. Savage, The Foundations of Statistics, 2nd ed., Dover Publications, Inc. New York, 1972. Robert V. Hogg, Allen T. Craig, Joseph W. McKean, An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2004. George Casella, Roger L. Berger, Statistical Inference, 2nd ed., Duxbury Press, 2001. David R. Cox, D. V. Hinkley, Theoretical Statistics, Chapman Hall/CRC, 1979. Peter J. Bickel, Kjell A. Doksum, Mathematical Statistics, Volume 1, Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, 2rd ed. Prentice Hall, 2001. T. S. Ferguson, Mathematical Statistics: A Decision Theoretic Approach, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1967 Harald Cramr, Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton, 1946 Schervish, Mark J. (1995). Theory of statistics (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York: Springer Moses, Lincoln E. (1986) Think and Explain with Statistics, Addison-Wesley Hays, William Lee, (1973) Statistics for the Social Sciences, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Rubin, Donald B.; Little, Roderick J. A.,Statistical analysis with missing data, New York: Wiley 2002 Mosteller, F., Tukey, J. W. (1977). Data analysis and regression. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Mann, Prem S. (1995). Introductory Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley. Babbie, Earl R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth. Nick, Todd G. (2007). "Descriptive Statistics". Topics in Biostatistics.New York: Springer. Trochim, William M. K. (2006). "Descriptive statistics". Research Methods Knowledge Base. Upton, G., Cook, I. (2008) Oxford Dictionary of Statistics, OUP. Evans, Michael et al. (2004). Probability and Statistics: The Science of Uncertainty. Freeman and Company. van der Vaart, A.W. (1998) Asymptotic Statistics Cambridge University Press. Liese, Friedrich and Miescke, Klaus-J. (2008). Statistical Decision Theory: Estimation, Testing, and Selection. Springer.

The Accor and Hyatt companies Essay Example

The Accor and Hyatt companies Essay Most organisations provide a portfolio of branded products. The accommodation industry is no exception. The Accor and Hyatt companies follow four core components which embody strategic marketing. They segment the market, select the right target, identify the value proposition of that market and communicate that to the target markets. The portfolio offered by both organisations is evidence of marketings evolution towards micro-markets, product based, and value based solutions. About Accor. Accor represents the worlds largest hotel and tourism organisation with more than 3500 hotels and resorts in 90 countries with claims to having the most comprehensive choice of hotel styles and locations. Accor has brands to suit all tastes including the 5 star luxury of the Sofitel and business class of the Novetel, the flexibility of the Mecure, the variety and budget saver accommodation of All Seasons, and the value and convenience of the Ibis and Formule1 brands. We will write a custom essay sample on The Accor and Hyatt companies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Accor and Hyatt companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Accor and Hyatt companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer About Hyatt. Hyatt encompasses 206 hotels and resorts internationally. Hyatt offers services to the luxury segment of the market. The Hyatt brand includes the 4 star services of the Regency, offering customers opportunities to broaden their horizons and rejuvenatein rooms designed to reflect the best of the local cultures with exceptional technology, meeting, and fitness facilities. The 5 star Grand Hyatt serves culturally rich destinations that attract leisure and business travellers, large scale meetings and conventions. The Park Hyatt represents the companies smaller, 5 star luxury brand catering for the ..discriminating traveller seeking privacy, personalized service and the elegance of a small European hotel. Market Segmentation and Target Marketing. According to DSS research, Market Segmentation describes the division of markets into homogeneous groups which respond differently to promotions, communications, advertising and other marketing mix variables. Each segment can be targeted by a different marketing mix because the segments are created to minimise inherent differences between respondents within each segment and maximise differences between each segment. Target marketing, according to Kotler et al, is evaluating each market segments attractiveness and selecting one or more markets to enter. Segmentation for Accor and Hyatt. Accor has diversified its portfolio and services a range of market segments. It targets the luxury segment with its Sofitel and Novetel brands, the good service and value segment with its Mecure and Ibis chains, and the budget conscious with its brands Formula 1, Motel 6 and Red Roof Inn. Hyatt has segmented the luxury end of the market and targets its range of services at the consumer who is willing to pay for the privilege. Targeting for Accor and Hyatt. Accor and Hyatt target different positions in the market for numerous reasons. Markets are made up of consumers who differ with respect to wants, needs, resources, geographical locations, buying attitudes and practices. This is reflected in the statement that market segmentation is a customer orientated philosophy. The primary reasons for the segmentation of markets are: * Easier Marketing Addressing the needs of smaller groups of customers is easier if they share many characteristics; * Efficiency Creates efficient use of marketing resources by focussing on the best segment for companies products encompassing price, product, promotion, and place. Segmentation can avoid sending the wrong message or sending your message to the wrong people. * Identifying Niches provides opportunities in under-served and un-served markets. Helps a company compete for buyers in less contested markets and helps products or services find new buyers. Micromarkets. Micromarketing is a form of target marketing where companies tailor their marketing strategies to the needs and wants of narrowly defined geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioural, or benefit segments (Kotler et al, 2003). The information within micromarkets is significant to the Hyatt and Accor companies. It is in micromarkets where products, information, and services can be utilised to better satisfy the customers wants. Micromarketing for Hyatt. Micromarketing by Hyatt has led to the introduction of special programs including Hyatt Business Plan, Meeting Connection, and Camp Hyatt, which targets business travellers and parents on holidays. Micromarketing for Accor. Accor has utilised micromarketing as a tool to identify niche markets. Accor promotes its Advantage Plus program as the logical choice for the frequent traveller and regular entertainer. Accor also offers an extensive business travel program which provides the corporate traveller with hotels in central business districts, near international airports, and major corporate parks worldwide. Bases for Market Segmentation. Hyatt and Accor consider several factors when targeting segments of the market. They may divide the entire population into 2 broad categories: * Ultimate consumer purchasing goods and services for personal use; * Business users purchase goods and services to be consumed for business purposes. The criterion for placement in one of these groups is the customers reason for buying. This provides a basis to target holiday makers with resorts in popular holiday destinations and business groups with programs such as Corporate Conference and the Hyatt Business Plan. Segmentation Basis for Accor and Hyatt Geographically, Hyatt and Accor targets the most popular holiday destinations and business capitals. They are strategically placed in major and secondary cities, as well as airport locations and popular resort destinations. Hyatt and Accor also uses demographics as a basis for segmenting with consumers needs, wants and usage rates varying closely with demographic variables. Income segmentation would be a priority for Hyatt in targeting the luxury end of the market. It has been observed that no single demographic variable captures all the difference among the needs and preferences of the consumer. An alternative is occasion segmentation. Hyatt and Accor provides packages not only based on demographics, but also incorporating events in particular cities around the world, as well as packages for personal celebrations. Segmentation based on benefits identifies a niche market. It provides useful information on the major benefits that people look for in a service, the kind of consumer that looks for each benefit, and the major brands that deliver each benefit. Market Coverage Strategy and Positioning. Once an organisation has segmented the market, it must select one or more as its target. This is the process of choosing a market coverage strategy. An organisation must determine the desirability of each segment of the market. Guidelines have been developed which include: * Target markets being compatible with the organisations goals and image; * Resources offered must match the marketing opportunities offered by the specific market segment; * Organisations must be able to generate a profit; * Seeking a market where there are the fewest competitors. According to Kotler et al 2003, an organisation can choose one of three market coverage strategies: * Undifferentiated Marketing ignores market segment differences and goes after the whole market with one market offer. * Differentiated Marketing target several market segments and design several offers for each. * Concentrated Marketing target a large share of one or a few submarkets. (insert slide 41 from marketing lecture 4 here) As is stated by Dibb and Simkin (2001) positioning is the place occupied by a product or brand in a given market as perceived by the target market customers. It is based on the products or brands attributes, standing, quality, the types of users, its strengths and weaknesses, price and value, plus any other memorable characteristics, as perceived by the targeted customers. Hyatt Market Coverage Strategy and Positioning. The Hyatt has adopted a concentrated marketing coverage strategy. The company has positioned its brands in the luxury and corporate market with .exceptional technologysophisticated business and leisure facilitiesgrand scale refinementworld class standardsanctuary and luxury. With this success, the Hyatt has become a leader in the creation and operation of luxury resorts. Hyatt services at the business traveller, with .deluxe hotels with meeting facilities and special services for the business traveller.operating hotels in major and secondary cities and airport locations. Accor Market Coverage Strategy and Positioning. In contrast, Accor has adopted a differentiated marketing strategy. Accor has brand name hotels such as the Sofitel and Novetel offering prestigious hotels and resorts in the worlds most desired business, cultural, and resort destinations; to the cut price Formule 1 offering consistent motel style accommodation at budget rates in prime transport locations. Accor also targets corporate travellers with the Novetel brand which is at the forefront of business class hotel brands. Internet Positioning. The internet offers companies such as Hyatt and Accor numerous opportunities. Online advertising being the largest has four distinct advantages: * Targetability Focus on customers from specific companies, geographic regions and locations, by time of day, computer platform, browser, personal preferences and actual behaviour. * Tracking -Track how customers interact with brands and learn what interests current and perspective customers. Internet advertising can measure response to an advertisement which is difficult using traditional advertising * Deliverability and Flexibility Advertising delivered in real time 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Ads can be launched, updated, or cancelled immediately. * Interactivity -Engage customers with a product or service more effectively online. Customers interact with the product or service, test it, and if they choose, purchase the product or service. The most significant advantage to be realised is targetability and contextual marketing. As described by Zeff and Aronson, various strategies are now readily available to capture the demographics, tastes, and preferences of users to better target content.an advertiser can finally target every ad so that it goes out to just the right prospective customer at precisely the right time. Contextual Marketing eliminates wasted impressions by only delivering ads to interested personsand an ad is not considered a nuisance when it is information a person wants. Accommodation and the Internet. Hyatt has found new ways to utilise the internet. In the past, hotel groups have handed over too much control of inventory and pricing to third party online travel agencies.and now they are trying to take back the reins after early shopping patterns have been established. One article estimated that 51% of the 6.3 billion in online bookings made in 2002 were made by the actual hotel sites, with the remaining 49% going to online travel agents. Hyatt is one of a number of hotel chains tackling this problem. A year ago they launched Travelweb LLC, there own rival to online booking sites such as Hotels.com, Expedia, and Travelocity. Conclusion. Marketings evolution towards product and value based solutions has highlighted the importance of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning to the travel and accommodation industry. The Accor and Hyatt companies offer a range of brands and services to varying segments of the population. By targeting specific segments in the market, Accor and Hyatt satisfy effectively the specific benefits sought by particular consumers. This also promotes efficient use of resources and helps identify niche markets. Tailor made programs offered by Accor and Hyatt is further evidence of the innovation of micromarketing. Accor and Hyatt base these micromarkets on the differences in consumers needs and wants, resources, demographical and geographical information, buying attitudes and practices. With this, Accor and Hyatt have implemented market strategies to position there brand of services in different market segments. Both companies have taken advantage of what the internet has to offer, especially in the areas of targetability and contextual marketing. As the internet moves beyond the desktop computer and exposes points of contact infinitely more timely and relevant, market segmentation and target marketing will provide companies such as Accor and Hyatt with the platform to continue to satisfy customers and trade profitably in this volatile industry.